What to Plant in March
After the last spring frost we welcome the budding days of early spring, and March emerges as a pivotal time for gardeners.
March marks the beginning of an exciting journey towards cultivating a vibrant spring garden.
From the careful selection of seeds to the anticipation of the first blooms, March offers a canvas for gardeners to sow the seeds of their future gardens.
Whether you're planning to plant resilient vegetables or colorful flowers, this guide will provide you with essential insights and tips to make the most of your gardening endeavors in the post-frost, pre-full bloom period of early spring.
To get ahead of the game, check out my guide What to Plant in April.
Understanding Your Zone and Last Frost Dates
Embarking on your gardening journey in March requires a keen understanding of your local climate, particularly your hardiness zone and the expected last frost date.
These factors are crucial in determining what and when to plant, ensuring the survival and optimal growth of your garden.
Knowing Your Hardiness Zone:
The United States is divided into various hardiness zones by the USDA.
These zones indicate the average annual minimum winter temperature and play a pivotal role in identifying plants that will thrive in your specific area.
For instance, what works in the milder winters of zone 8 might not survive in the colder climates of zone 6.
Familiarize yourself with your zone by consulting the USDA's Plant Hardiness Zone Map.
Identifying the Last Frost Date
The last frost date is the average date of the last frost in spring.
This date is a guide to when it is safe to start planting frost-sensitive plants outdoors.
Planting before the last frost date risks damage or death to your plants due to unexpected cold snaps.
This date varies depending on geographical location and yearly weather variations.
Local gardening centers, weather stations, or online resources can provide this date based on your area.
Utilizing the Last Frost Date
Once you know your last frost date, plan backwards to start seeds indoors.
For example, if your last frost date is April 15th, and your seed packets suggest starting seeds 6-8 weeks before the last frost, you'll want to start sowing in late February to early March.
This timing ensures that your seedlings are strong enough to be transplanted outdoors when the weather is more favorable.
Adaptation to Climate Variabilities
Be prepared to adapt to sudden weather changes.
Even after the last frost date, an unexpected cold wave can occur.
Keeping an eye on the weather forecast and having protective measures like cloches or frost cloths ready can save your tender plants.
Long-Term Planning
Understanding your zone and the last frost date is not just about when to plant, but also what to plant.
Some plants require a longer growing season, while others might need to be in the ground before the heat of summer kicks in.
This knowledge helps in selecting the right varieties and planning for a successive and continuous harvest throughout the growing season.
To learn more about growing from seed, check out my guide: The Best Seed Starting Mix.
Starting Seeds Indoors
March is an ideal month to begin the journey of your garden indoors.
Starting seeds inside offers you a jumpstart on the growing season, allowing your plants to develop in a controlled environment before facing the unpredictable elements of early spring.
This practice is particularly beneficial for certain vegetables, herbs, and flowers that require a longer growing period or are sensitive to cold.
Selecting the Right Seeds
Begin by choosing seeds that benefit from an early start indoors.
These typically include vegetables like tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants, as well as herbs like basil and parsley.
Flower varieties such as marigolds, petunias, and pansies also fare well when started indoors.
Here are my favorite seeds to start indoors in march:
Preparing Your Setup
Creating an ideal environment is key.
You’ll need containers or seed trays, high-quality seed-starting mix, and a consistent light source.
Position your setup in a location that maintains a steady temperature and receives ample indirect sunlight, or use grow lights to provide the necessary light exposure.
Here are my favorite seed trays and seed starting mix:
Sowing Seeds
Plant your seeds according to the depth and spacing guidelines on the seed packets.
Cover the seeds lightly with soil and gently water them.
The soil should be kept consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Monitoring Growth and Temperature
Most seeds require a warm environment to germinate, typically between 65°F and 75°F (18°C to 24°C).
A heat mat can help maintain this temperature, especially in cooler environments.
Once seeds have sprouted, ensure they receive enough light and air circulation to prevent leggy growth and fungal diseases.
Here is my favorite heat mat:
Transplanting Seedlings
Before transplanting seedlings outdoors, they need to be hardened off.
This process involves gradually exposing them to outdoor conditions over a period of 7-10 days.
Start by placing them outside in a shaded, protected area for a few hours each day, gradually increasing their exposure to sun and wind.
Planning for Successive Planting
Consider staggering your seed sowing.
Plant a few seeds every week or two, which will result in a staggered harvest, extending your growing season and providing fresh produce over a longer period.
Looking for more spring garden inspiration? Check out my guides:
Hardy Annuals and Cold Frames
March is not just about sowing seeds indoors; it’s also an opportune time to begin working with hardy annuals and utilizing cold frames in your garden.
Hardy annuals are plants that can withstand colder temperatures, even a light frost, making them ideal for early spring planting.
Cold frames, on the other hand, offer a protective environment for these plants, shielding them from harsh weather while providing a warmer microclimate to encourage growth.
Understanding Hardy Annuals
Hardy annuals are a group of plants that can endure cooler temperatures and are often planted directly into the garden in early spring.
Examples include sweet peas, pansies, and certain varieties of lettuce and kale.
These plants not only survive but thrive in the cool temperatures of early spring, offering early blooms and harvests.
Here are my favorite hardy annual seeds for sowing:
Building or Choosing a Cold Frame
A cold frame is essentially a mini-greenhouse that can be either purchased or DIY-built.
It consists of a transparent lid on top of a low box, trapping sunlight and warmth during the day and insulating plants at night.
The key is to ensure good ventilation on warmer days to prevent overheating.
Here is the cold frame I recommend:
Planting in Cold Frames
Start with soil preparation, ensuring it is loose and fertile.
Sow the seeds of hardy annuals directly into the soil of the cold frame, or transplant seedlings that were started indoors.
Plants like lettuce, spinach, and radishes are perfect for this method, as they will benefit from the extra warmth and protection.
Managing the Microclimate
Monitor the temperature and moisture levels inside the cold frame regularly.
On sunny days, even in winter, temperatures inside the cold frame can rise significantly, so propping open the lid for ventilation is essential.
Conversely, during unexpected cold snaps, additional coverings such as burlap or blankets may be necessary to insulate plants.
Transitioning Plants
As the season progresses and temperatures rise, gradually acclimatize the plants to outside conditions.
This involves progressively opening the cold frame more each day, allowing plants to adjust to the temperature fluctuations and outdoor environment before being transplanted into the garden.
Cool Season Vegetables and Flowers
March marks the perfect time to focus on cool season vegetables and flowers.
These plants prefer the cooler temperatures of early spring and can often withstand a light frost, making them ideal candidates for early planting.
By choosing the right varieties, you can enjoy an extended growing season and early harvests.
Ideal Vegetables for Cool Weather
Vegetables such as broad beans, peas, spinach, lettuce, and kale are excellent choices for cool weather planting.
These vegetables not only tolerate the lower temperatures but often taste better when matured in cooler conditions.
Planting them in March ensures they mature before the heat of summer, which can cause them to bolt or turn bitter.
Here are my favorites vegetables to plant in march:
Flower Varieties for Early Spring
Several flowers thrive in cool weather and are perfect for adding early color to your garden.
Pansies, violas, and primroses are popular choices, as they can handle cooler temperatures and even a bit of frost.
Planting these flowers in March will brighten your garden with vibrant colors early in the season.
Here are my favorite flowers to plant in march:
Soil Preparation for Cool Season Planting
Proper soil preparation is essential for cool season plants.
The soil should be well-draining yet able to retain enough moisture to support growth.
Adding compost or well-rotted manure can improve soil texture and fertility, providing an ideal growing medium for these plants.
Planting and Spacing
Follow the specific planting instructions for each vegetable and flower type.
Ensure proper spacing to allow for adequate air circulation and growth.
Overcrowding can lead to competition for nutrients and increased susceptibility to diseases.
Watering and Care
While cool season plants generally require less water than those grown in summer, consistent moisture is key, especially as seedlings establish themselves.
Be vigilant about slug and snail activity, as they are attracted to young, tender plants in cool, moist environments.
For more watering tips, check out my guide How Often to Water Seedlings.
Succession Planting
To extend your harvest, consider succession planting.
Plant a new batch of cool season crops every 2-3 weeks.
This method ensures a continuous supply of fresh vegetables and keeps your garden productive.
Fruit Trees and Bushes
March is an opportune time for planting fruit trees and bushes in your garden.
This period, right before the spring growth surge, allows these plants to establish roots in cooler soil, setting them up for successful growth and fruit production in the coming months.
Choosing the Right Varieties
Selecting the right fruit trees and bushes for your climate and soil type is crucial.
Research which varieties are best suited to your hardiness zone and soil conditions.
Consider classic fruit trees like apples, pears, and cherries, or explore options like plums, peaches, and apricots, depending on your region.
For bushes, blueberries, raspberries, and blackberries are popular and rewarding choices.
Here are my favorite fruit trees for planting in March:
Preparing the Planting Site
Choose a sunny location with well-draining soil for your fruit trees and bushes.
Test your soil's pH and nutrient levels and amend as necessary to create the ideal growing environment.
Ensure the site is clear of weeds and has adequate space for the roots and canopy to grow.
Here is my favorite pH test kit:
Planting Techniques
When planting, use a spade to dig a hole that is twice as wide as the root ball but no deeper.
This allows the roots to spread out without forcing them too deep into the soil.
Gently place the tree or bush in the hole, backfill with soil, and water thoroughly.
Adding a layer of mulch around the base can help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Check out my guide: The Best Alternatives to Traditional Mulch for Your Garden.
Pruning and Care
Early pruning is essential for shaping the tree or bush and encouraging healthy growth.
Remove any damaged or diseased branches, and prune to open up the canopy for better air circulation and sunlight penetration.
Regular watering, especially during the first growing season, is key to helping your new plants establish.
Pest and Disease Management
Be proactive about pest and disease management.
Regular inspections of your fruit trees and bushes can help catch issues early.
Utilize organic or recommended treatments to deal with any problems promptly to prevent spread.
Fertilization and Growth Support
Consider the nutritional needs of your fruit trees and bushes.
A balanced fertilizer applied in early spring can promote healthy growth and fruit production.
Stake young trees if necessary to provide support as they grow.
FAQs
What Vegetables are Ideal to Plant in March?
In March, focus on cool-season vegetables that can withstand lower temperatures.
Ideal choices include leafy greens like spinach, lettuce, and kale, along with root vegetables like radishes and carrots.
For areas with a milder climate, you can also start peas, broad beans, and onions.
These vegetables not only tolerate the cool temperatures but can also benefit from them in terms of flavor and texture.
Check out my guide: The Ultimate Guide to Growing Peas in Pots.
Can I Plant Flowers in March? What Are the Best Options?
Absolutely! March is a great time to plant hardy annual flowers that can endure the cool temperatures.
Pansies, violas, and primroses are popular choices for early spring color.
For those in milder climates, you can also consider planting bulbs like daffodils and tulips if you didn't plant them in the fall.
These flowers will bring early color and life to your garden.
Check out my guide: Container Color: Easy Steps to Growing Bulbs in Pots.
How Do I Prepare My Garden for Planting in March
Preparing your garden in March involves several key steps: clearing away winter debris, testing and amending the soil, and planning your garden layout.
Start by removing any dead plants or leaves and turning the soil to aerate it.
Test your soil for pH and nutrient levels, and amend it with compost or other necessary nutrients.
Finally, plan your garden layout, considering factors like sunlight, drainage, and plant spacing.
What Should I Consider When Planting Fruit Trees and Bushes in March?
When planting fruit trees and bushes, consider factors like your hardiness zone, soil type, and sunlight availability.
Choose varieties that are suitable for your climate and soil.
Ensure the planting site is in a sunny area with well-draining soil.
When planting, dig a hole that's wider than deep, place the tree or bush, backfill with soil, and water well.
Mulch around the base and provide support with stakes if needed.
Are There Any Tips for Starting Seeds Indoors in March?
Starting seeds indoors requires a few key considerations.
Use a high-quality seed starting mix and appropriate containers.
Provide a consistent light source, like south-facing windows or grow lights.
Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged, and maintain a warm environment for germination.
Once seedlings emerge, ensure they get enough light and air circulation. Gradually harden off seedlings before transplanting them outdoors.
As we wrap up our guide on what to plant in March, remember that this month offers a unique opportunity to sow seeds and set the stage for a flourishing garden.
Whether you're planting flowering bulbs to add early splashes of color, or giving your garden a head start with cold weather crops, each step taken now paves the way for a lush and productive season.
Don't forget to include vegetables like sweet peppers and essential perennial herbs in your planting plan. These plants, started now, will develop robustly in the coming months, offering both beauty and bounty in your garden.
Embrace the cooler days of March as a time of preparation and anticipation for the vibrant gardening season ahead.
